Connecting over 15 billion devices, the Internet of Things (IoT) redefines how we live and work. Yet, the path to seamless connectivity is far from a straight line. Why? The large selection of IoT protocols is one of the main reasons.
Not all Internet of Things protocols suit every deployment or device. That’s why when working on a smart home system, industrial automation, or wearable gadgets, you’ll soon realize that choosing the perfect fit is no simple task. Power, security, and compatibility are just a few requirements to consider.
But don’t worry. WebbyLab is here to help. We’ll go through all popular protocols in IoT so you can select one for your unique needs. Drawing on our experience with 2Smart Standalone, 2Smart Cloud, and other Internet of Things projects, we’ll cover connectivity matters in the greatest detail.
2Smart Cloud platform built by WebbyLab
Communication protocols are a set of rules that handle communication between devices. There are many of those, and here’s why.
IoT systems are usually complex solutions that use several protocols at once. For example, here’s a combination you could use for medical IoT:
These protocols are the different layers of an IoT ecosystem. Now, let’s discuss the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model — a valuable framework for understanding those layers.
The OSI model consists of seven layers, following a top-down approach. The layers gradually descend from average user interactions to fundamental components like Ethernet cables. They include the following:
The OSI model is just a concept. Though this seven-layer structure works well for IoT, it poses several challenges. In particular, it often appears too complex for IoT devices with limited capabilities and computing powers.
Luckily, there’s a more IoT-centric and simplified approach, which comprises the following four layers:
The OSI model vs. the IoT-centric model.
We briefly mentioned the various protocols used in IoT. Now, it’s time to explore the most commonly used iot protocols in greater detail.
IoT protocols resemble versatile tools in a craftsman’s workshop, each suitable for specific tasks. Therefore, some protocols work better than others, depending on the industry and application. Here’s how internet of things protocols empower various niches:
The Internet of Things is currently a $662 billion market. It’s expanding rapidly, accelerating IoT protocol adoption and usage. Here are the most significant trends to look up to:
WebbyLab experts leverage two approaches to establishing IoT communication. Let’s go through each of them.
The first scenario involves communication through a gateway. Here, the gateway is an intermediary. It communicates with devices and sensors and then transmits the gathered information to the cloud. Conversely, it receives commands from the cloud and sends them to the necessary end devices.
In the second scenario, devices connect to the network independently and directly communicate with cloud-based software (like 2Smart Cloud) or standalone platforms (like 2Smart Standalone).
The different types of IoT protocols and the way they communicate.
It’s a complex process that comprises several stages:
In both scenarios described above, these modules are essential.
This intermediary or gate module communicates with end nodes, implementing the full OSI model with all its layers. It requires built-in software within the gate or module to receive, process, and protect information.
Generally, both architectures (or scenarios) can handle the following three tasks:
It doesn’t matter whether you deal with a gateway-based architecture or another setup. At the physical level, the hardware components responsible for collecting telemetry or controlling devices aren’t smart on their own. An IoT device is a complex solution that incorporates various technologies.
Consider a typical temperature sensor, for instance. It measures temperature and provides this data upon request or autonomously initiates data transmission. Similarly, a relay can respond to received commands, or the sensor can make decisions based on its firmware.
A physical connection is crucial to ensure these operations function seamlessly. It links the module receiving telemetry from the sensor or command between the cloud and the end device or sensor itself. This connection can take the form of wired or wireless technologies.
Popular wired technologies include the following:
Meanwhile, here are the most common wireless technologies:
With the help of these technologies, data from the end node travels to a module that delivers it to the cloud.
Both architectural versions share the ability to communicate with devices from the cloud via network connectivity technologies. These technologies are Wi-Fi, Ethernet, 2G-5G, and more.
First and foremost, every IoT solution hinges on an Internet connection. This connection can take one of two routes:
In essence, an IoT solution will have an end device equipped with a network-access module. For multi-device scenarios, it’s a gateway that handles network connectivity.
Once the gateway establishes an online connection and collects data from sensors, it transmits this data to the cloud application. Alternatively, it may receive a command from the application and send data to the end device. This process aligns with the application layer in the OSI model.
Here are the most typical IoT application layer protocols:
From this entire IoT protocols list, some cover several levels of the OSI model, including the IoT modification. It’s because their goal is to solve all data transfer process issues. Yet, some protocols serve specific, well-defined tasks.
The connectivity architecture of the 2Smart Standalone automation platform.
As you can see, there are numerous internet of things protocols at your disposal. However, choosing the best ones for your project is sometimes overwhelming. Consider this article as your handbook on IoT’s most common communication means.
If you need help deciding which Internet of Things protocols suit you best, rely on WebbyLab’s expertise. Contact our team to discuss your project and select your perfect connectivity solutions.
Written by:
Head of IoT at Webbylab
Kostiantyn started his career in IT at Webbylab, where he quickly grew from the position of a tester to the role of a manager and business analyst. When the company’s management decided to develop the IoT direction, Kostia became one of its key figures.
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